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{"id":4511,"date":"2021-05-28T17:19:05","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T15:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.medinbio.com\/?p=4511"},"modified":"2021-05-28T17:19:05","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T15:19:05","slug":"principes-fondamentaux-agroecologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.medinbio.com\/principes-fondamentaux-agroecologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Les principes fondamentaux de l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019agro\u00e9cologie d\u00e9fend un nouveau mod\u00e8le agricole en mesure de concilier les enjeux \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux de l\u2019agriculture moderne. Sur quels principes fondamentaux scientifiques et techniques repose-t-elle et quels d\u00e9fis repr\u00e9sente-elle ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019agro\u00e9cologie englobe tout autant une discipline scientifique, qu\u2019un ensemble de pratiques agricoles plus respectueuses de l\u2019environnement et un mouvement social correspondant \u00e0 une attente des consommateurs concernant leur sant\u00e9. Ainsi, la r\u00e9volution verte agro\u00e9cologique<\/a> n\u00e9cessite un changement de paradigme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Medinbio a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une approche syst\u00e8me agr\u00e9gative qui r\u00e9pond aux principes fondamentaux de l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un changement de paradigme agro\u00e9cologique\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Depuis 60 ans, nous assistons \u00e0 une transformation massive des modes de production agricoles avec l\u2019ambition de parvenir \u00e0 une augmentation croissante et consid\u00e9rable de la productivit\u00e9 face \u00e0 la pression d\u00e9mographique. Ces \u00e9volutions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rendues possibles gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un processus de m\u00e9canisation des exploitations agricoles, des sch\u00e9mas de s\u00e9lection des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales mais \u00e9galement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019engrais et de produits phytosanitaires de synth\u00e8se chimiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des dommages environnementaux<\/h3>\n

Les impacts environnementaux n\u00e9gatifs se sont ainsi g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s. La simplification des paysages et l\u2019artificialisation des agrosyst\u00e8mes ont induit un d\u00e9clin important de la biodiversit\u00e9. La qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau mais aussi la sant\u00e9 des agriculteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement d\u00e9grad\u00e9es en raison de l\u2019utilisation massive de pesticides chimiques.
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Le secteur agricole contribue d\u00e9sormais pour beaucoup \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation croissante des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. En effet, il reste d\u00e9pendant en grande partie des \u00e9nergies fossiles. Ainsi, le Haut Conseil pour le Climat a estim\u00e9, qu\u2019en 2018, la part du secteur de l\u2019agriculture repr\u00e9sentait 19% des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, dont 48% \u00e9mises par les \u00e9levages.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des impasses techniques<\/h3>\n

En outre, l\u2019agriculture conventionnelle se heurte \u00e0 de nombreuses impasses techniques notamment la baisse de la fertilit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9rosion des sols. Elles pourraient, \u00e0 terme, impacter la viabilit\u00e9 de ce mod\u00e8le d\u2019agriculture. En cons\u00e9quence, l\u2019engagement du secteur agricole vers des voies permettant de concilier plus efficacement et durablement enjeux socio-\u00e9conomiques (notamment comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9) et enjeux environnementaux appara\u00eet aujourd\u2019hui comme une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Les principes fondamentaux de l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie<\/span><\/h2>\n

L\u2019agro\u00e9cologie se con\u00e7oit globalement comme un ensemble coh\u00e9rent de connaissances et de pratiques orient\u00e9es vers la conception de syst\u00e8mes de production et d\u2019exploitation agricoles reposant sur les fonctionnalit\u00e9s offertes par les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Cette approche se d\u00e9marque avec l\u2019ambition de diminuer les pressions exerc\u00e9es sur l\u2019environnement et de pr\u00e9server les ressources naturelles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie privil\u00e9gie les approches syst\u00e9miques de modernisation de l\u2019agriculture, plus respectueuses de l\u2019environnement, comme celle d\u00e9fendue par Medinbio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est possible de r\u00e9sumer les principes fondamentaux de l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie de la sorte :\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n